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polyaspartic acid
Polyaspartic acid (PASA) is a biodegradable, water-soluble polyaminoacid with potential to replace many non-biodegradable polymers. It is used as a pure homopolymer and in various copolymers.〔
In nature, PASA has been found in as fragments of larger proteins with length up to 50 amino acids,〔 but as of 2004 had not been isolated as a pure homo polymeric material from any natural source.〔 The first isolation of synthetic oligomeric sodium polyaspartate, obtained by thermal polycondensation of aspartic acid, was done by Hugo Schiff in late 19th century.〔 Later it was proposed that thermal polymerization process leads through polysuccinimide intermediate.〔〔
Polyaspartic acid is currently produced on the industrial scale and is available as commercial product in forms of acid and sodium polyaspartate.
==Properties and structure ==
PASA is a yellow liquid miscible with water. Due to presence of carboxylic groups it is polyelectrolyte with anionic character. Naturally occurring PASA fragments consists of α,-linked L-aspartatic acid.〔 In contrast, the repeating unit of synthetic polyaspartic acid may exist in four different isomeric forms depending on the stereochemistry of starting material (D- and L-aspartic acid) and synthetic procedure leading to α and β links.
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